The conditional effects of the refugee crisis on immigration attitudes and nationalism

What was the impact of 2014–2016 refugee crisis on immigration attitudes and national identification in Europe? Several studies show that radical right parties benefitted electorally from crisis, but research also shows anti-immigration did not increase. We hypothesize affected right-wing citizens differently than left-wing citizens. test this hypothesis by combining individual level survey data (from five Eurobarometer waves period) with country statistics asylum applications 28 EU member states. In Western Europe, we find increases number lead to a polarization towards immigrants between left- right-leaning Southern European ‘arrival countries’ Central-Eastern Europe no significant effects. Nationalistic are significantly.